Monday, September 20, 2010
Sunday, September 19, 2010
Friday, September 17, 2010
ABBREVIATIONS OF PLASTICS
Plastics Abbreviations
ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
ASA acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile
ATH aluminium trihydrate
BDS butadiene-styrene block copolymer
BMC bulk moulding compound
BOPP biaxially oriented polypropylene
BR butadiene rubber
CA cellulose acetate
CAB cellulose acetate-butyrate
CAP celluse acetate propionate
CE cellulose
CMC carboxymethyl celluse
CN cellulose nitrate
CP cellulose propionate
CSM chopped strand mat (or) chlorosulphonated polyethylene (rubber)
DMC dough moulding compound
ECTFE ethylene chlorotrifluoro ethylene copolymer
EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (elastomer)
EPM ethylene-propylene rubber = EPR
EPR ethylene-propylene rubber = EPM
EPS expanded polystyrene
EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
EVOH ethylene vinyle achol
FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene
FRP fibre reinforced polyester/plastics
GMT glass mat thermoplastic
GPPS general purpose polystyrene
GRP glass reinforced plastic
HDPE high density polyethylene
HEMA hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer
HIPS high impact polystyrene = TPS
LCP liquid crystal polymer = SRP
LDPE low density polyethylene
LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
MBS methacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer
MDPE medium density polyethylene
MF melamine formaldehyde
NBR nitrile rubber = acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
NR natural rubber
OPP oriented polypropylene
PA polyamide = nylon
PA 11 nylon 11
PA 12 nylon 12
PA 46 nylon 46
PA 6 nylon 6
PA 610 nylon 610
PA 66 nylon 66
PA 66/610 nylon 66/610 copolymer
PAA polaryl amide
PAI polyamide imide
PAN polyacrylonitrile
PB polybutylene
PBT polybutylene terephthalate = PTMT
PC polycarbonate
PE polyethylene
PEBA polyether block amide
PEEK polyetheretherketone
PEEL polyester elastomer
PEI polyester imide
PEK polyetherketone
PES polyether sulphone
PETG PET copolymer
PETP polyethylene terephthalate
PF phenol formaldehyde
PFA perfluoro alkoxyl alkane
PHB polyhydroxybutyrate
PI polyimide
PIR polyisocyanurate rigid (foam)
PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
PMP polymethyl pentene
POM polyoxymethylene
PP polypropylene
PPE polyphenylene ether
PPO polyphenylene oxide
PPS polyphenylene sulphide
PPSS polyphenylene sulphide sulphone
PS polystyrene
PSU polysulphone
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
PTMT polytetramethylene terephthalate = PBT
PUR polyurethane
PVA polyvinyl acetate
PVB polyvinyl butytral (butyrate)
PVC polyvinyl chloride
PVCC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
PVCP polyvinyl chloride plasticised
PVCU polyvinyl chloride unplasticised
PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
PVDF polyvinylidene flouride
PVF polyvinylflouride
PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
SAN styrene acrylonitrile (copolymer)
SBR styrene butadiene rubber
SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene (block copolymer)
SEBS styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene
SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene
SMA styrene maleic anhydride
SMC sheet moulding compond
SRP self reinforcing polymer = LCP
TPE thermoplastic elastomer
TPO thermoplastic olefin (rubber)
TPR thermoplatic rubber
TPS toughened polystyrene = HIPS
TPU thermoplastic polyurethane (rubber) = TPUR
TPUR thermoplastic polyurethane (rubber) = TPU
TPX* polymethyl pentene copolymer
UF urea formaldehyde
UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight PE
VC vinyl chloride = VCM
VCM vinyl chloride monomer = VC
XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
BIBILIOGRAPHY
http://www.bpf.co.uk
ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
ASA acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile
ATH aluminium trihydrate
BDS butadiene-styrene block copolymer
BMC bulk moulding compound
BOPP biaxially oriented polypropylene
BR butadiene rubber
CA cellulose acetate
CAB cellulose acetate-butyrate
CAP celluse acetate propionate
CE cellulose
CMC carboxymethyl celluse
CN cellulose nitrate
CP cellulose propionate
CSM chopped strand mat (or) chlorosulphonated polyethylene (rubber)
DMC dough moulding compound
ECTFE ethylene chlorotrifluoro ethylene copolymer
EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (elastomer)
EPM ethylene-propylene rubber = EPR
EPR ethylene-propylene rubber = EPM
EPS expanded polystyrene
EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
EVOH ethylene vinyle achol
FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene
FRP fibre reinforced polyester/plastics
GMT glass mat thermoplastic
GPPS general purpose polystyrene
GRP glass reinforced plastic
HDPE high density polyethylene
HEMA hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer
HIPS high impact polystyrene = TPS
LCP liquid crystal polymer = SRP
LDPE low density polyethylene
LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
MBS methacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer
MDPE medium density polyethylene
MF melamine formaldehyde
NBR nitrile rubber = acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
NR natural rubber
OPP oriented polypropylene
PA polyamide = nylon
PA 11 nylon 11
PA 12 nylon 12
PA 46 nylon 46
PA 6 nylon 6
PA 610 nylon 610
PA 66 nylon 66
PA 66/610 nylon 66/610 copolymer
PAA polaryl amide
PAI polyamide imide
PAN polyacrylonitrile
PB polybutylene
PBT polybutylene terephthalate = PTMT
PC polycarbonate
PE polyethylene
PEBA polyether block amide
PEEK polyetheretherketone
PEEL polyester elastomer
PEI polyester imide
PEK polyetherketone
PES polyether sulphone
PETG PET copolymer
PETP polyethylene terephthalate
PF phenol formaldehyde
PFA perfluoro alkoxyl alkane
PHB polyhydroxybutyrate
PI polyimide
PIR polyisocyanurate rigid (foam)
PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
PMP polymethyl pentene
POM polyoxymethylene
PP polypropylene
PPE polyphenylene ether
PPO polyphenylene oxide
PPS polyphenylene sulphide
PPSS polyphenylene sulphide sulphone
PS polystyrene
PSU polysulphone
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
PTMT polytetramethylene terephthalate = PBT
PUR polyurethane
PVA polyvinyl acetate
PVB polyvinyl butytral (butyrate)
PVC polyvinyl chloride
PVCC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
PVCP polyvinyl chloride plasticised
PVCU polyvinyl chloride unplasticised
PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
PVDF polyvinylidene flouride
PVF polyvinylflouride
PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
SAN styrene acrylonitrile (copolymer)
SBR styrene butadiene rubber
SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene (block copolymer)
SEBS styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene
SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene
SMA styrene maleic anhydride
SMC sheet moulding compond
SRP self reinforcing polymer = LCP
TPE thermoplastic elastomer
TPO thermoplastic olefin (rubber)
TPR thermoplatic rubber
TPS toughened polystyrene = HIPS
TPU thermoplastic polyurethane (rubber) = TPUR
TPUR thermoplastic polyurethane (rubber) = TPU
TPX* polymethyl pentene copolymer
UF urea formaldehyde
UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight PE
VC vinyl chloride = VCM
VCM vinyl chloride monomer = VC
XLPE cross-linked polyethylene
BIBILIOGRAPHY
http://www.bpf.co.uk
Sunday, September 12, 2010
APPLICTIONS OF PLASTICS
CONTENTS
S.No Title
1 introduction
2 Poly ethylene(high density)
3 poly ethylene(low density)
4 poly propylene
5 poly styrene
6 poly ether ether ketone
7 poly methyl methacrylate
8 poly acetals
9 nylon
10 poly phenylene sulphide
11 poly vinyl chloride
12 phenolic formaldehyde
13 melamine formaldehyde
14 urea formaldehyde
15 epoxy resins
16 poly urethane
17 unsaturated polyester
18 silicones
INTRODUCTION
Engineering plastics are tough plastics that can withstand high loads or stresses. They can be machined and remain dimensionally stable. They are typically used in the construction of machine parts and automobile components. Important examples of this class of plastics include Poly ethylene(high density)poly ethylene(low density) poly propylene poly styrene poly ether ether ketone poly methyl methacrylate poly acetals, poly phenylene sulphide poly vinyl chloride phenolic formaldehyde melamine formaldehyde urea formaldehyde epoxy resins poly urethane, unsaturated polyester silicones
The structure of their giant chains makes these plastics highly resistant to shock, and gives them a characteristic toughness.
Plastics are almost always electrically insulating, and for this reason they have found use as essential components of electrical and electronic equipment (including implants in the human body).
POLYETHYLENE(HIGH DENSITY);
Chemical drums,
jerricans,
carboys,
toys,
picnic ware,
household and kitchenware,
cable insulation,
carrier bags,
food wrapping material
pipes for irrigation
POLYETHYLENE(LOW DENSITY);
Squeeze bottles,
toys,
carrier bags,
high frequency insulation,
chemical tank linings,
heavy duty sacks,
general packaging,
gas,
water pipes.
Sports net
POLYPROPYLENE;
Coffee pot and washing m/c parts,
replacement for die castings,
drink vending machines,
microwave components
radio
television casing
agitators
drain tubes
control knobs
tool boxes
POLYSTYRENE;
Yoghurt pots,
refrigerator linings,
vending cups,
bathroom cabinets,
toilet seats and tanks,
closures,
instrument control knobs.
Automatic reflectors
Toys
POLYETHERETHERKETONE;
components for cars,
aircraft,
industrial pumps,
valves and seals,
silicon wafer carriers,
Connectors
sterilisable surgical instruments in the medical implants market
Rollers
gears
thrust washers
POLYMETHY METHACRYLATE;
Displays on aircraft
Tumblers
Wine glass
Lighting fixtures
Furniture
Trays
Bowls
Water jugs
Boxes
Mirrors
POLYACETALS;
Business m/c parts,
small pressure vessels,
aerosol valves,
coil formers,
clock and watch parts,
nuclear engineering components
plumbing systems,
shoe components.
NYLON;
Nylon fibres are used in textiles,
fishing line and carpets.
Nylon films is used for food packaging,
offering toughness and low gas permeability,
for boil-in-the-bag food packaging.
Tool handles
Conveyor buckets
Container linings
Castors
Furniture fasteners
POLYPHENYLENE SULPHIDE;
Chemical pumps,
hair dryer grills,
non-stick cookware,
medical equipment,
lamp bulb bases,
Television
automotive components.
Brush holders
Engine sensors
Brake components
POLY VINYL CHLORIDE;
Window frames,
Drainage pipe,
Water service pipe,
Medical devices,
Blood storage bags,
Cable and wire insulation,
Resilient flooring,
Roofing membranes,
Stationary,
Automotive interiors and seat coverings,
Fashion and footwear,
Packaging, cling film,
Credit cards,
Synthetic leather
Other coated fabrics
PHENOLIC FORMALDEHYDE;
Ashtrays,
Lamp holders,
Bottle caps,
Saucepan handles,
Domestic plugs and switches,
welding tongs and electrical iron parts.
Tube bases
Refrigerator controls
Telephone handsets
MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE;
Decorative laminates,
lighting fixtures,
dinnerware,
heavy duty electrical equipment,
laminating resins,
surface coatings,
bottle caps,
toilet seats.
UREA FORMALDEHYDE;
Ashtrays,
lamp holders,
bottle caps,
saucepan handles,
domestic plugs and switches,
welding tongs
electrical iron parts.
Auto coil tops
Castor wheels
Disk brake piston
EPOXY RESINS;
Adhesives,
coatings,
encapsulation,
electrical components,
cardiac pacemakers,
aerospace applications.
Doors
Coating for drums
Inserts & switches
POLY URETHANE;
Printing rollers,
solid tyres,
wheels,
shoe heels,
car bumpers
pipe seals
golf balls
friction drives & belts
cusion
steering wheels
UNSATURATED POLYESTER;
Boat hulls,
building panels,
lorry cabs,
compressor housing,
embedding, coating
SILICONES;
Heat transfer fluid
Masonary water repellants
Textile fibre lubricants
Additives in waxes & polish
Exhaust pipe
Coating for metal chimney
Electrical applications
Plastic film label stock
Oil pan gaskets
Diving masks
CONCLUSION;
This project outline work is used for the future engineers & need for the factories. It is a great opportunity to gather some information from various sources. This is a good experience to do a project
The project helps us to do some project for the organization as well.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
*http://science.jrank.org/pages/5323/Plastics-Applications.html,12-9-10,0:30am-2.30am
*http://www.bpf.co.uk/Plastipedia/Applications/Default.aspx,10-9-10,6:00pm-9:00pm
Labels:
PLASTIC APPLICATION
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Wednesday, September 8, 2010
HISTORY/TIME LINE OF PLASTICS
HISTORY OF PLASTIC
1284 – First recorded mention of The Horners Company of London, with
horn and tortoiseshell as the predominant early natural plastic.1823 –
Macintosh uses rubber gum to waterproof cotton and the ‘mac’ is born
1845 – Bewley designs extruder for gutta percha
1850 - First submarine telegraph cable in gutta percha laid between
Dover and Calais
1862 – Display of Parkesine, predecessor of celluloid (cellulose
nitrate), at the 1862 Great International Exhibition in London
1872 – Hyatt brothers patented first plastics injection moulding machine
1885 – George Eastman Kodak patents machine for producing continuous
photographic film based on cellulose nitrate.
1880 – Fashion for long hair leads to cellulose nitrate replacing horn
as the preferred material for combs
1890 – Thermoforming introduced and used to make babies rattles from
cellulose nitrate
1892 – Viscose silk (rayon) developed by Cross and Bevan (Chardonnet Silk)
1898 – Beginning of mass production of rpm gramophone records from shellac
1899 - Krische and Spittler in Germany awarded patent for Casein
Plastic from milk. Artefacts introduced at the Plastics Universal
Exhibition in 1900
1909 – Casein plastics, derived from milk, developed by Erinoid.
1910 – stockings made of viscose (CA) begin to be manufactured in Germany
1915 – Queen Mary sees casein products at the British Industries Fair
and orders several pieces of jewellery made from it
1916 – Rolls Royce begins to use phenol formaldehyde in its car
interiors and boasts about it
1919 – Eichengrun produce first cellulose acetate moulding powder
1921 – Beginning of rapid growth of phenolic mouldings especially for
electrical insulation, with addition of phenolic laminates in 1930
1922 – Staudinger publishes his work that recognises that plastics are
composed of long chain molecules – leading to Nobel prize in 1935
1924 – Rossiter at British Cyanide develops urea thiourea formaldehyde
resins, subsequently commercialised as the first water white
transparent thermosetting moulding powder.
1926 – Harrods hosts first display of new coloured thermosetting
plastic tableware produced by Brookes and Adams, The Streetly
Manufacturing Company and Thomas De La Rue and Co.
1926 – Eckert and Ziegler patent first commercial modern plastics
injection moulding machine.
1929 – Bakelite Ltd receives its largest ever order for phenolic
moulding powder for the casing of the Siemens telephone
1930 – ‘Scotch’ tape, the first transparent sticky tape invented in US
by 3M Company
1932 – Screw per-plasticisation in injection moulding patented
1933 - BPF founded
1933 – Fawcett and Gibson at ICI discover polyethylene
1933 – Crawford at ICI develops first commercial synthesis of
poly(methyl methacrylate)
1935 – Troester in Germany produce first extruder designed for thermoplastics.
1935 – Carothers and DuPont patent nylon
1936 - First production of aircraft canopies made from ‘Perspex’.
1937 - Columbo and Pasquetti in Italy produce first twin screw extruder machine
1937 – First commercial production of polystyrene by IG Farben, Germany
1938 – Full scale production of nylon 6 fibre begins in United States
1938 – First toothbrush with nylons tufts manufactured
1938 – Plunkett (DuPont) discovers PTFE
1939 – First commercial production of polyethylene in UK by ICI
1939 - Outbreak of war – strategic stockpiles, plastics in war
1940s - Use of polyethylene in radar
1940 – First production of PVC in UK
1940 – DuPont introduces polyacrylonitrile (PAN), an early engineering product
1941 – Whinfield and Dickson, of the Calico Printer's Association of
Manchester, patent "polyethylene terephthalate" (PET); followed by the
creation of the first polyester fiber called Terylene.
1942 – ‘Super Glue’ (methyl cyanoacrylate) first discovered by Dr
Harry Coover, Eastman Kodak
1943 – First pilot plant for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ; to be
marketed under trade mark ‘Teflon’
1945 - The production of LDPE the Sqezy bottle by Monsanto caused a
rapid expansion of the industry, with containers produced to replace
glass bottles for shampoos and liquid soaps.
1947 – Formica melamine faced decorative laminates introduced into the UK
1948 – Acrylonitrile-butadiene-
styrene (ABS) produced
1948 – George deMestral invents Velcro, patented in 1955
1948 – Introduction of 12” long playing records made from polyvinyl
chloride (pvc)
1949 – First Airfix self-assembly model produced, made of polystyrene
1949 – High impact polystyrene introduced as a commercial plastic
1949 – Launch in US of Tupperware made from low density polyethylene
1949 – ‘Lycra’ based on polyurethane, invented by DuPont
1950s – the polyethylene bag makes its first appearance
1950s – Introduction of acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene (ABS) copolymers
1950 - ICI opens new factory at Redcar to produce Terylene
1951 - Festival of Britain
1953 – Commercialisation of polyester fibres introduces the concept of
‘drip dry’ and ‘non-iron’
1954 - Polystyrene foam (introduced by Dow Chemical Co.)
1955 – First production of high density polyethylene in UK
1956 – Reliant Regal 111, first commercially successful all
glass-reinforced-plastic bodied car goes on sale
1956 – Eero Saarinen’s Tulip Chair launched, consisting of seat made
of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic.
1956 – DuPont files patents for first acetals (POM)
1957 – The hoop is reinvented as the Hula Hoop by Knerr & Medlin,
Wham-O Toy Company
1957 – First production of polypropylene by Montecatini using
Ziegler-Natta catalysts
1958 – First production of polycarbonates (Bayer and General Electric)
1958 – Lego patents its stud and block coupling system and produces
toys of cellulose acetate, later Acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene
polymer.
1959 – Barbie Doll unveiled by Mattel at American International Toy Fair
Early 1960s – introduction of water based acrylic paints
1960 – Ethylene-vinyl acetate co-polymers launched by DuPont
1962 – DuPont launches polyimide films and varnishes
1962 – Silicone gel breast implants pioneered successfully
1965 - Kevlar® is first developed by DuPont
1966 – Blow moulding of fuel tanks introduced
1967 – Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ‘Blow’ chair designed by Scolari, De
Pas and Lomazzifor manufactured by Znaotta
1969 – Neil Armstrong plants a nylon flag on the moon.
1970 - First Yellow HDPE pressure pipes for gas introduced into UK by
Wavin/British Gas.
1973 - Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles introduced
1976 - Plastics in its great variety of forms becomes the most used
type of material in the world
1977 – Polyaryletheretherketone (PEEK) was first prepared by ICI
1979 – Introduction of first commercial mobile/ portable ‘phones
1979 - First PVC-U double glazed windows installed
1980 – First production of linear low density polyethylene
1980 - First Blue HDPE pressure pipes for potable water introduced into UK.
1982 – First artificial heart made mainly of polyurethane, introduced
implanted in a human.
1983 – The slim plastic Swatch watch made of 51 mainly plastic components
1983 – ICI and Bayer launch PEEK, PPS (polyphenyene sulphide), and PES
(polyether sulphone)
1987 - BASF in Germany produces a polyacetylene that has twice the
electrical conductivity of copper.
1988 – Introduction of triangular recycling symbols relating to plastics
1989 - First light-emitting polymers (poly-ethyne) discovered in Cambridge
1990 – ICI launches Biopol, the first commercially available
biodegradable plastic
1991 – Dyson’s vacuum cleaner launched in Japan
1994 – Smart car with lightweight flexible integrally coloured
polycarbonate panels introduced
1998 – Free standing Zanussi Oz fridge, with insulation and outer
skins made in one process from polyurethane foam introduced
2000s Nano-Technology applied to polymer and composit applications
2000 - First commercial metallocene catalysed polyolefins introduced.
2001 - iPod dreamed up by Tony Fadell, an independent inventor,
developed by Apple Computers
2005 – NASA explores the advantages of a polyethylene based material
RFX1, as the material for the spaceship that will send man to Mars
2005 – Polycond project established to look at the potential of
conductive polymers
2008 – Airbus 380, comprising 22% carbon-fibre reinforced plastics
flies into Heathrow
2009 - Boeing 787 (nicknames 'Boeing's Plastic Dream') comes into
service, its skin is made up of 100% Plastic composites with plastic
making up 50% of all materials in the plane
1284 – First recorded mention of The Horners Company of London, with
horn and tortoiseshell as the predominant early natural plastic.1823 –
Macintosh uses rubber gum to waterproof cotton and the ‘mac’ is born
1845 – Bewley designs extruder for gutta percha
1850 - First submarine telegraph cable in gutta percha laid between
Dover and Calais
1862 – Display of Parkesine, predecessor of celluloid (cellulose
nitrate), at the 1862 Great International Exhibition in London
1872 – Hyatt brothers patented first plastics injection moulding machine
1885 – George Eastman Kodak patents machine for producing continuous
photographic film based on cellulose nitrate.
1880 – Fashion for long hair leads to cellulose nitrate replacing horn
as the preferred material for combs
1890 – Thermoforming introduced and used to make babies rattles from
cellulose nitrate
1892 – Viscose silk (rayon) developed by Cross and Bevan (Chardonnet Silk)
1898 – Beginning of mass production of rpm gramophone records from shellac
1899 - Krische and Spittler in Germany awarded patent for Casein
Plastic from milk. Artefacts introduced at the Plastics Universal
Exhibition in 1900
1909 – Casein plastics, derived from milk, developed by Erinoid.
1910 – stockings made of viscose (CA) begin to be manufactured in Germany
1915 – Queen Mary sees casein products at the British Industries Fair
and orders several pieces of jewellery made from it
1916 – Rolls Royce begins to use phenol formaldehyde in its car
interiors and boasts about it
1919 – Eichengrun produce first cellulose acetate moulding powder
1921 – Beginning of rapid growth of phenolic mouldings especially for
electrical insulation, with addition of phenolic laminates in 1930
1922 – Staudinger publishes his work that recognises that plastics are
composed of long chain molecules – leading to Nobel prize in 1935
1924 – Rossiter at British Cyanide develops urea thiourea formaldehyde
resins, subsequently commercialised as the first water white
transparent thermosetting moulding powder.
1926 – Harrods hosts first display of new coloured thermosetting
plastic tableware produced by Brookes and Adams, The Streetly
Manufacturing Company and Thomas De La Rue and Co.
1926 – Eckert and Ziegler patent first commercial modern plastics
injection moulding machine.
1929 – Bakelite Ltd receives its largest ever order for phenolic
moulding powder for the casing of the Siemens telephone
1930 – ‘Scotch’ tape, the first transparent sticky tape invented in US
by 3M Company
1932 – Screw per-plasticisation in injection moulding patented
1933 - BPF founded
1933 – Fawcett and Gibson at ICI discover polyethylene
1933 – Crawford at ICI develops first commercial synthesis of
poly(methyl methacrylate)
1935 – Troester in Germany produce first extruder designed for thermoplastics.
1935 – Carothers and DuPont patent nylon
1936 - First production of aircraft canopies made from ‘Perspex’.
1937 - Columbo and Pasquetti in Italy produce first twin screw extruder machine
1937 – First commercial production of polystyrene by IG Farben, Germany
1938 – Full scale production of nylon 6 fibre begins in United States
1938 – First toothbrush with nylons tufts manufactured
1938 – Plunkett (DuPont) discovers PTFE
1939 – First commercial production of polyethylene in UK by ICI
1939 - Outbreak of war – strategic stockpiles, plastics in war
1940s - Use of polyethylene in radar
1940 – First production of PVC in UK
1940 – DuPont introduces polyacrylonitrile (PAN), an early engineering product
1941 – Whinfield and Dickson, of the Calico Printer's Association of
Manchester, patent "polyethylene terephthalate" (PET); followed by the
creation of the first polyester fiber called Terylene.
1942 – ‘Super Glue’ (methyl cyanoacrylate) first discovered by Dr
Harry Coover, Eastman Kodak
1943 – First pilot plant for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ; to be
marketed under trade mark ‘Teflon’
1945 - The production of LDPE the Sqezy bottle by Monsanto caused a
rapid expansion of the industry, with containers produced to replace
glass bottles for shampoos and liquid soaps.
1947 – Formica melamine faced decorative laminates introduced into the UK
1948 – Acrylonitrile-butadiene-
1948 – George deMestral invents Velcro, patented in 1955
1948 – Introduction of 12” long playing records made from polyvinyl
chloride (pvc)
1949 – First Airfix self-assembly model produced, made of polystyrene
1949 – High impact polystyrene introduced as a commercial plastic
1949 – Launch in US of Tupperware made from low density polyethylene
1949 – ‘Lycra’ based on polyurethane, invented by DuPont
1950s – the polyethylene bag makes its first appearance
1950s – Introduction of acrylonitrile-butadiene-
1950 - ICI opens new factory at Redcar to produce Terylene
1951 - Festival of Britain
1953 – Commercialisation of polyester fibres introduces the concept of
‘drip dry’ and ‘non-iron’
1954 - Polystyrene foam (introduced by Dow Chemical Co.)
1955 – First production of high density polyethylene in UK
1956 – Reliant Regal 111, first commercially successful all
glass-reinforced-plastic bodied car goes on sale
1956 – Eero Saarinen’s Tulip Chair launched, consisting of seat made
of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic.
1956 – DuPont files patents for first acetals (POM)
1957 – The hoop is reinvented as the Hula Hoop by Knerr & Medlin,
Wham-O Toy Company
1957 – First production of polypropylene by Montecatini using
Ziegler-Natta catalysts
1958 – First production of polycarbonates (Bayer and General Electric)
1958 – Lego patents its stud and block coupling system and produces
toys of cellulose acetate, later Acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene
polymer.
1959 – Barbie Doll unveiled by Mattel at American International Toy Fair
Early 1960s – introduction of water based acrylic paints
1960 – Ethylene-vinyl acetate co-polymers launched by DuPont
1962 – DuPont launches polyimide films and varnishes
1962 – Silicone gel breast implants pioneered successfully
1965 - Kevlar® is first developed by DuPont
1966 – Blow moulding of fuel tanks introduced
1967 – Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ‘Blow’ chair designed by Scolari, De
Pas and Lomazzifor manufactured by Znaotta
1969 – Neil Armstrong plants a nylon flag on the moon.
1970 - First Yellow HDPE pressure pipes for gas introduced into UK by
Wavin/British Gas.
1973 - Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles introduced
1976 - Plastics in its great variety of forms becomes the most used
type of material in the world
1977 – Polyaryletheretherketone (PEEK) was first prepared by ICI
1979 – Introduction of first commercial mobile/ portable ‘phones
1979 - First PVC-U double glazed windows installed
1980 – First production of linear low density polyethylene
1980 - First Blue HDPE pressure pipes for potable water introduced into UK.
1982 – First artificial heart made mainly of polyurethane, introduced
implanted in a human.
1983 – The slim plastic Swatch watch made of 51 mainly plastic components
1983 – ICI and Bayer launch PEEK, PPS (polyphenyene sulphide), and PES
(polyether sulphone)
1987 - BASF in Germany produces a polyacetylene that has twice the
electrical conductivity of copper.
1988 – Introduction of triangular recycling symbols relating to plastics
1989 - First light-emitting polymers (poly-ethyne) discovered in Cambridge
1990 – ICI launches Biopol, the first commercially available
biodegradable plastic
1991 – Dyson’s vacuum cleaner launched in Japan
1994 – Smart car with lightweight flexible integrally coloured
polycarbonate panels introduced
1998 – Free standing Zanussi Oz fridge, with insulation and outer
skins made in one process from polyurethane foam introduced
2000s Nano-Technology applied to polymer and composit applications
2000 - First commercial metallocene catalysed polyolefins introduced.
2001 - iPod dreamed up by Tony Fadell, an independent inventor,
developed by Apple Computers
2005 – NASA explores the advantages of a polyethylene based material
RFX1, as the material for the spaceship that will send man to Mars
2005 – Polycond project established to look at the potential of
conductive polymers
2008 – Airbus 380, comprising 22% carbon-fibre reinforced plastics
flies into Heathrow
2009 - Boeing 787 (nicknames 'Boeing's Plastic Dream') comes into
service, its skin is made up of 100% Plastic composites with plastic
making up 50% of all materials in the plane
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